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albanian nationalism
Albanian nationalism is a general grouping of nationalist ideas and concepts among ethnic Albanians that were first formed in the beginning of the 19th century in what was called the Albanian National Awakening. The term is also associated with similar concepts, such as Albanianism〔The Crescent and the Eagle: Ottoman Rule, Islam and the Albanians, 1874-1913 (Library of Ottoman Studies) by George Gawrych, 2006, page 20: "... dynamic that would remain essential for understanding the development of Albanianism."〕〔Kosovo: War and Revenge by Mr. Tim Judah and Tim Judah, 2002, page 12, the religion of Albanians is Albanianism〕〔The Oxford Companion to Politics of the World by Joel Krieger, 2001, page 475: "... frequently then and since, "The religion of the Albanians is Albanianism.〕〔One World Divisible: A Global History Since 1945 (The Global Century Series) by David Reynolds, 2001, page 233: "... the country." Henceforth, Hoxha announced, the only religion would be "Albanianism. ..."〕〔Stephanie Schwandner-Sievers, Bernd Jürgen Fischer, Albanian Identities: Myth and History, Indiana University Press, 2002, ISBN 978-0-253-34189-1, page 92 & (100)-(102)-(132)〕 (Albanian: ''Shqiptaria'' or ''Shqiptarizmi'') and Pan-Albanianism,〔(The Balkans: A Post-Communist History by Bideleux/Jeffri, 2006 ), page 423, "... form a 'Greater Albania'. Although considerable attention was given to pan-Albanianism in the West"〕〔Pan-Albanianism: How Big a Threat to Balkan Stability (Central and Eastern European) by Miranda Vickers, 2004, ISBN 1-904423-68-X〕 (Albanian: ''Panshqiptarizmi'') and ideas what would lead to the formation of a Greater Albania.
Parts of these ideologies were adopted during the Socialist People's Republic of Albania (1945–1991), which was more focused on the Illyrian-Albanian continuity issue〔(The practice of Archaeology under dictatorship, Michael L. Galary & Charles Watkinson, Chapter 1, page 8-17,2 )〕 and appropriating Ancient Greek history as Albanian.〔 During the Hoxha era, scholars, and particularly archeologists, were impelled to establish a connection between the ancient Illyrians and Albanians.〔 However the core values of Albanian National Awakening remain rooted even today, while the ideology developed during Hoxha's regime is still partly present (though there seems to be some willingness for change〔(The practice of Archaeology under dictatorship, Michael L. Galary & Charles Watkinson, Chapter 1, page 8-17,2. )〕) in Albania and also Kosovo as well as Republic of Macedonia.〔〔
Albanian nationalism attaches great importance to the possibility of Illyrian contribution to Albanian ethnogenesis.
The 19th century idea that Albanians are descendants of Pelasgians〔(Anthropological Journal of European Cultures, 2009, Gilles de Rapper ), "by identifying with Pelasgians, Albanians could claim that they were present in their Balkan homeland not only before the "barbarian" invaders of late Roman times (such as the Slavs), not only before the Romans themselves, but also, even more importantly, before the Greeks‟ (Malcolm 2002: 76-77)."〕〔Dictionary of Deities and Demons in the Bible by Karel van der Toorn, Bob Becking, and Pieter Willem Van Der Horst, 1999, page 537, "Pelasgians, the mythical predecessors of Greek civilisation".〕 and that the Etruscans,〔Anthropological Journal of European Cultures, 2009, Gilles de Rapper〕 Illyrians, ancient Macedonians, and Epirotes had a Pelasgian origin are still common in certain Albanian circles. These ideas comprise a national myth that establishes precedence over neighboring peoples (Slavs and Greeks) and allow movements for independence and self-determination, as well as irredentist claims against neighboring countries.〔Communism and the Emergence of Democracy by Harald Wydra, 2007, ISBN 0-521-85169-6, page 230, "Albanians tended to go further back in time to the sixth and seventh centuries, claiming an Illyrian- Albanian continuity and superiority over Slavic people. ..."〕〔Anthropological Journal of European Cultures, 2009, Gilles de Rapper, "by identifying with Pelasgians, Albanians could claim that they were present in their Balkan homeland not only before the "barbarian" invaders of late Roman times (such as the Slavs), not only before the Romans themselves, but also, even more importantly, before the Greeks‟ (Malcolm 2002: 76-77)."〕〔The Balkans - a post-communist history by Robert Bideleux & Ian Jeffries, Routledge, 2007, ISBN 0-415-22962-6, page 513〕〔Kosovo: what everyone needs to know by Tim Judah, ISBN 0-19-537673-0, 2008, page 31〕 The Myth of Skanderbeg is one of the main constitutive myths of Albanian nationalism. Albanian nationalists needed an episode from the medieval history for the centre of the Albanian nationalistic mythology and they chose Skanderbeg, in the absence of the medieval kingdom or empire.
==National Myths==
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